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Open a larger version of the following image in a popup: Arca Indo-portuguesa, séc. XVI
Open a larger version of the following image in a popup: Arca Indo-portuguesa, séc. XVI
Open a larger version of the following image in a popup: Arca Indo-portuguesa, séc. XVI
Open a larger version of the following image in a popup: Arca Indo-portuguesa, séc. XVI
Open a larger version of the following image in a popup: Arca Indo-portuguesa, séc. XVI
Open a larger version of the following image in a popup: Arca Indo-portuguesa, séc. XVI
Open a larger version of the following image in a popup: Arca Indo-portuguesa, séc. XVI

Arca Indo-portuguesa, séc. XVI

madeira de angelim, lacada e dourada / angelim wood, lacquered and gilded
65,0 x 168,0 x 86,5 cm
A430
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Large 16th century parallelepiped and flat-toped Indo-Portuguese chest, built in dense Indian angelim wood.

The single plank overhanging lid is framed on the front and sides by a narrow lip that fits on and over the edge of the case, the angles joined by through dovetails as expected from a piece of this period. It is fixed to the back panel by six plain iron ring hinges, in a perfectly adjusted fit. The external decoration is restricted to ten large convex iron tacks that conceal the fasteners securing the hinges, and the lock latches, into place.

Made up of five, wide planks of wood, the case components are secured into place on all four vertical angles, by robust through dovetail joints, reinforced and decorated, on the front and sides, by circular convex flower shaped iron tacks.

The two “T” shaped lock latches are adorned with three prominent Mughal type nodules, while the cut-out escutcheons, alternating commas and fleurs-de-lys arranged in a cruciform pattern, are fixed to the structure by six, symmetrically applied pins. Similarly to the other metal components, the large extant key is also wrought iron made.

On each side panel, a solid ovoid shaped iron handle, turning on large hooped circular tacks.

Contrasting with this outer, almost austere, plainness, the chest’s interior surprises by its exuberant, entirely gilded red lacquer decoration, following clearly Chinese stylistic prototypes.

On the inner lid, a central composition emerging from a mountainous outcrop, with deer, flowering peonies and grounded or flying rooks and birds-of-prey, is strengthened by flowering bushes that crop-up from each corner. The whole scene is framed by a double filleted band of waving and much stylised pamper ornaments.

Albeit following identical decorative models, the inner walls differ from the lid in the distribution of elements and relative sobriety: a single bush stalk with lotus flowers and flying phoenixes.

The extraordinary importance of this chest resides, not only on the exceptional condition of the lacquer and painted decoration, but also on its rather unique formal characteristics; a very large, 16th century Indian Angelim timber chest, from Cochin.

Other similar chests have been researched overtime by various art historians. However, their oriental lacquer decoration diverges considerably from this typology, pointing instead to a Southern China origin. The chest here described, and considering its specific characteristics, was most certainly made in Cochin and decorated locally, quite possibly in an area where Asian artists had settled, an unsurprising assumption considering the obvious artistic miscegenation arising from the Portuguese administered territories. One other option that cannot be excluded, is the possibility that this chest was decorated by a Chinese artist based in Cochin.


Bibliography:


— DIAS, Pedro, Mobiliário Indo-português, Lisboa, Imaginalis, 2006.

— FERRÃO, Bernardo, Mobiliário Português – Índia e Japão, Vol. III, Porto, Lello & Irmão, 1990, pp. 61 – 74.

— FELGUEIRAS, José Jordão, “Arcas Indo-Portuguesas de Cochim”, in Oceanos, nº. 19/20, 1994, pp. 34 – 41.



Importante arca paralelepipédica de grandes dimensões, em madeira de angelim, com tampo plano de abater, trabalho indo‑portugues do século XVI.

O tampo é de encaixe, com dimensão superior ao corpo, formado por uma única prancha de madeira rematada por régua lateral e os bordos em ortogonal são à meia esquadria como era hábito nesta época. Articula-se através de seis gonzos de ferro, com uma coaptação perfeita. A decoração exterior apresenta dez tachões lisos e circulares, que escondem os grampos dos gonzos e das argolas da aldraba.

O corpo é elaborado com pranchas únicas de madeira, tanto no fundo como nas quatro paredes, com emalhetado em “cauda de andorinha” e com tachas de ferro nas arestas, da frente e ilhargas. Estas diferem dos tachões do tampo, nas dimensões e decoração, e formam motivos florais simulando margaridas.

A fechadura com segredo é de aldraba em forma de “T”, com três nós salientes, do tipo Mogol. O espelho é recortado, alternando vírgulas e flores-de-lis, dispostas em cruz e encontra-se aposto ao móvel através de cinco pines. A Chave é em ferro forjado.

Nas ilhargas, grandes pegas ovoides de suporte rodam em argolas sobre dois tachões.

A simplicidade exterior desta arca contrasta com a enorme riqueza decorativa do interior, integralmente pintado a ouro fino sobre laca vermelha, seguindo modelos chineses.

No verso da tampa, o motivo central nasce de formação montanhosa, onde pululam cervídeos e grandes peónias floridas, com gralhas e aves-do-paraíso, pousadas e em pleno voo. O centro é realçado pelos arbustos que convergem a partir dos quatro cantos da tampa. A composição é envolvida por tarja, entre duplo filete, preenchida por sinusoide de pâmpanos muito estilizados.

As paredes internas tem o mesmo padrão decorativo, embora com os elementos semeados de forma distinta: um único arbusto com flores-de-lótus e fénix em voo.

A importância desta peça reside não só, no excelente estado de conservação da laca e pintura, mas também, nas suas características formais, arca em angelim de grandes dimensões e do século XVI, originária de Cochim.

Exemplares semelhantes foram profusamente estudados por doutos historiadores, sendo que a decoração interior, em laca oriental, não se enquadra nesta tipologia, delegando a sua origem para modelos do Sul da China. A arca foi feita em Cochim e ornamentada nos territórios onde os artistas orientais estavam sediados, o que não nos surpreende, dada a fascinante miscigenação que se vivia nesta época, em territórios luso-ultramarinos. Não podemos também descartar a hipótese de ter sido pintada por um elemento da comunidade chinesa emigrado em Cochim.

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Publications

DIAS, Pedro, Mobiliário Indo-português, Lisboa: Imaginalis, 2006; - FERRÃO, Bernardo, Mobiliário Português – Índia e Japão, Vol. III, Porto: Lello & Irmão, 1990, pp. 61–74;
FELGUEIRAS, José, Jordão, "Arcas Indo-portuguesas de Cochim", in Oceanos, n.º19/20, 1994, pp. 34–41
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