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Open a larger version of the following image in a popup: Escudo de Aparato e Armoreado / Lacquered display shield, Pegu, séc. XVI
Open a larger version of the following image in a popup: Escudo de Aparato e Armoreado / Lacquered display shield, Pegu, séc. XVI

Escudo de Aparato e Armoreado / Lacquered display shield, Pegu, séc. XVI

madeira, couro, laca e ouro / wood, leather, lacquer and gold
8,0 x 58,0 x 51,0 cm
F992
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Further images

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Some cracks and wear on the gilding due to handling, consistent with age. / Algumas fendas e desgaste no douramento devido ao manuseio, compativel com a idade.


A rare and important display shield (rodela) made from exotic wood (joined planks), covered with several layers of animal skin, hot-moulded to the wood structure following the cuir bouilli technique, and later coated with Southeast Asian lacquer or thitsi in black, decorated with gold leaf on the front and underside. According to previous chemical analyses - through pyrolysis followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry - the lacquer used was identified as Gluta usitata, from the species Melanorrhoea usitata, a tree which originates in regions of present-day Thailand and Myanmar, once the Kingdoms of Siam and Pegu, respectively.The gold leaf decoration on the black lacquer background (tiejinqi or jinqi technique, called haku-e in Japanese) is typical of Burmese and Thai lacquerware, known as shweizawa and lai rod nam, respectively. The front is decorated with a large heraldic shield, now impossible to read in its entirety due to the wear and tear of the gold leaf decoration set on a background filled with large rinceaux and 'corn cobs' which, like those that fill the large border, reproduce ornamental engravings from the first half of the sixteenth century. Partitioned, the heraldic reading of the shield includes in the right half six besets arranged in 2, 2, 2, which may correspond to either the Castro or the Melo families. Similar vegetal motifs decorate the border on the underside where see the arm support, covered with leather, may still be seen.Given the similarities of its gilded decoration (shweizawa) with matching pieces attributed with certainty to the Kingdom of Pegu, namely some chests or writing boxes, it is safe to say that the production centre of this rare shield - one of the few that remained until now in private hands - must be Burmese. Strictly used for display, these shields or rodelas are depicted, for example, in some Namban screens, being worn by noblemen, namely captains of the India Run.


Raro e importante escudo de aparato circular (rodela) de madeira exótica (pranchas cavilhadas entre si), coberto por várias camadas de pele animal moldado a quente à estrutura de madeira segundo a técnica do cuir bouilli, posteriormente revestida por laca do Sudeste Asiático ou thitsi a negro e decorada a folha de ouro na frente e no verso. Segundo as análises químicas anteriormente realizadas – através de pirólise seguida de cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa – a laca utilizada pode ser identificada como a Gluta usitata, da espécie Melanorrhoea usitata, árvore que tem origem nas regiões da actual Tailândia e Myanmar, outrora reinos do Sião e Pegu, respectivamente.
A decoração a folha de ouro sobre o fundo negro da laca (técnica tiejinqi ou jinqi, chamada haku-e em japonês) é típica das lacas birmanesas e tailandesas, conhecidas por shweizawa e lai rod nam, respectivamente. A frente ou verso é decorada com um grande escudo heráldico, hoje impossível de ler na totalidade dado o desgaste da decoração a folha de ouro sobre campo preenchido por largos rinceaux com "maçarocas" que, tal como os que preenchem a larga cercadura, reproduzem gravuras ornamentais da primeira metade do século XVI. Partido, a leitura do escudo inclui na metade direita seis besantes dispostos em 2, 2, 2, que poderá corresponder a Castro ou Melo. Semelhantes motivos vegetalistas decoram a cercadura do tardoz ou reverso onde se podem observar as armações ou suporte para o braço, revestidas a couro.
Dadas as semelhanças da sua decoração a ouro (shweizawa) com outras peças com origem segura no reino do Pegu, caso de algumas arcas ou caixas-escritório, é seguro afirmar que a origem do centro de produção deste raro escudo – dos poucos que permaneceu até agora em colecção particular – será birmanesa.
Com estrita função de aparato e display, estes escudos ou rodelas surgem representados, por exemplo, nalguns biombos namban, sendo carregados por servidores de nobres, caso dos capitães da nau do trato.

H. M. C.
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Provenance

Col .José Lico, Lisboa.

Exhibitions

"Três Embaixadas Europeias à China", M. Oriente, 2018, p. 42, p. 116, cat. 45;
A. Jordan, K. Lowe, ‘The Global City. On the Streets of Renaissance Lisbon’, London, 2015, pp. 214, n.º 14
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