A pair of exceptional apothecary jars, dating from the first halfof the 17th century, featuring a mildly concave cylindrical bodydecorated in cobalt-blue pigment on a tin white enamel ground.One of the jars is characterised by profuse decoration of exuberantlandscape with rocky outcrops and exotic vegetation, fromwhich emerge peonies and an open winged golden eagle, symbolof courage, strength and temerity. This landscape is interrupted bya rectangular oblique cartouche inscribed Piperis.long. in Latin,referring to the Indian Long Pepper. This medicinal plant was prescribedto increase appetite, as well as in the treatment of stomachaches, heartburn, indigestion, bowl wind, diarrhoea and cholera.Associated to other plants was also used in Ayurvedic medicine.On the other jar the decorative composition is structuredin two superimposed sections: on the upper section an exuberantlandscape with rocky outcrops and exotic vegetation from whichstand out peonies, daisies, camellias and flying birds. The lowersection repeats some of the decorative motifs, such as floweringcamellias emerging from rock outcrops, as well as other foliage elements and long-legged birds, probably royal cranes, symbols ofwealth, longevity and heavenly guides. In this case the ornamentationis interrupted by an oblique band with the Latin inscription r.aristol., referring to the root of Aristolochia (aristo+lochos) ‘thebest for birth’ which refers to the plant’s use as an aid in childbirth.It was also prescribed for the treatment of ulcers, as an antisepticand anti-inflammatory.On the shoulder of both jars identical bands of cobalt-blueoblique parallel lines, encased by double filleting.The potter replicates the decorative grammar seen in porcelainwithout fully understanding its underlying symbolic content.These faiences display a complex decorative program of similarstyle and language, featuring compositions of great pictorialrefinement. It is also noteworthy that they have remained as a pair.