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Open a larger version of the following image in a popup: Teak, ebony, East Indian rosewood, ivory and dyed bone; gilt copper elements, Portuguese State of India, Northern Province, probably Thane, Bombay (Mumbai), late 16th century
Open a larger version of the following image in a popup: Teak, ebony, East Indian rosewood, ivory and dyed bone; gilt copper elements, Portuguese State of India, Northern Province, probably Thane, Bombay (Mumbai), late 16th century
Open a larger version of the following image in a popup: Teak, ebony, East Indian rosewood, ivory and dyed bone; gilt copper elements, Portuguese State of India, Northern Province, probably Thane, Bombay (Mumbai), late 16th century

An Indo-portuguese marquetry Dais Table, 16th century

teak, ebony, East Indian rosewood, ivory and dyed bone; gilt copper elements
60.0 x 77.5 x 52.0 cm
A562
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This precious table, of a typology recorded in contemporary sources as a bufete and probably made in Thane, near Bombay (present-day Maharashtra), is a worthy representative of the best marquetry furniture produced in that Portuguese controlled territory during the second half of the 16th century. Characterised by its ebony (Dyospiros ebenum) veneered teak (Tectona grandis) carcass and solid Indian rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia) legs, it is masterfully inlaid in ivory, green dyed bone and teak.

The table top decorative composition consists of a central field with isometric pattern of cubes, alternating ebony, rosewood, ivory and green dyed bone elements, framed by a broad foliage border, symmetrical and Persian in nature as is typical of this production, in a language often confused with Mughal influence. This mirrored decoration is repeated on the two drawers’ fronts and on the lateral panels of quatrefoil borders, also characteristic of this earlier manufacture. The leg’s stretchers adopt the original European prototype, albeit with jatayuh shaped feet.

Luxurious furniture, and other imported exotic items, were prevalent in late 16th century European aristocratic and other wealthy households. These included portable writing and table top cabinets alongside a range of tables, such as the present example, which were also basic requirements for European officials, merchants and traders settling or travelling in Asia.[1] Small sized and precious, these tables were made of exotic and precious materials, which were much admired, and avidly sought after in Europe, for their appealing design and technical accomplishment.

Given that contemporary Portuguese records refer the village of “Taná”, or Thane (now part of Mumbai), as a flourishing Muslim craftsmen community and source of valuable marquetry furniture, it is highly likely that this precious dais table originates from that production centre, then part of Portuguese India Northern Province.[2]

The present table belongs to the exceptional group of rare furniture made for the Portuguese market, which has only recently been identified in regards to its geographical origin, decorative inspiration sources (Iranian, Ottoman, and European) and historical production context.[3]

Hugo Miguel Crespo

Centre for History, University of Lisbon


[1] See Amin Jaffer, Luxury Goods from India. The Art of the Cabinet-Maker, London, V&A Publications, 2002; and Pedro Dias, Mobiliário Indo-Português, Moreira de Cónegos, Imaginalis, 2006.

[2] On Portuguese-ruled Thane, see Sidh Losa Mendiratta, “Two Towns and a Villa. Baçaim, Chaul and Taná: The Defensive Structure of Three Indo-Portuguese Settlements in Northern Province of the Estado da Índia”, in Yogesh Sharma, Pius Malenkandathil (eds.), Medieval Cities in India, New Delhi, Primus Books, 2014, pp. 805-814.

[3] See Hugo Miguel Crespo, Choices, Lisboa, AR-PAB, 2016, pp. 136-171, cat. 15; and Hugo Miguel Crespo, India in Portugal. A Time of Artistic Confluence (cat.), Porto, Bluebook, 2021, pp. 88-104.




Pequenos restauros nos embutidos de marfim.

Esta preciosa mesa de estrado , um tipo de mobiliário registado na documentação como bufete, da segunda metade do século XVI, provavelmente em Taná (no actual Maharashtra) na Província do Norte do Estado Português da Índia, perto de Bombaim, representa o melhor do que se produziu nesta praça sob domínio luso quanto ao mobiliário marchetado. Com estrutura das gavetas e tampo em teca (Tectona grandis) faixeada a ébano (Dyospiros ebenum), e com trempe em sissó (Dalbergia latifolia) maciço, é magistralmente decorada com embutidos de marfim, osso tingido de verde e teca. A decoração do tampo consiste num padrão isométrico de cubos no campo central (alternando ébano, sissó, marfim e osso tingido de verde), bordejado por cercadura vegetalista típica desta produção, em simetria e de cariz persa e que tem sido erradamente entendido como de influência mogol. Esta decoração floral espelhada ocupa também a frente das duas gavetas e as ilhargas da cintura, em painéis com cercaduras de quadrifólios em marfim, igualmente típicos desta recuada produção. As travessas das ilhargas são recortadas emulando o protótipo europeu, enquanto os pés são recortados em forma de jatayuh Imprescindíveis no mobiliário interior das residências nobres e patrícias da Europa, escritórios e contadores de mesa, junto com mesas bufete e mesas mais de estrado portáteis deste tipo tornar-se-iam requisito fundamental para funcionários, mercadores e comerciantes europeus que viviam e viajavam pela Ásia. De pequenas dimensões, foram produzidos na Ásia com materiais exóticos e dispendiosos, sendo muito admirados e avidamente procurados na Europa, devido não só à sua forma, mas também à sua perfeição técnica. Dado que a documentação portuguesa do século XVI refere a aldeia de Taná, ou Thane - hoje parte da cidade de Bombaim - na qual floresceu uma grande comunidade de artesãos muçulmanos, como origem de preciosos móveis marchetados, é muito provável que o centro de produção desta mesa de estrado seja precisamente Taná, então parte da Província do Norte do Estado Português da Índia. Esta preciosa mesa de estrado pertence a um curioso grupo de raras peças do mobiliário mais recuado fabricado para o mercado português e identificado apenas recentemente quanto à sua origem geográfica, fontes decorativas de inspiração (iranianas, otomanas e europeias) e contexto histórico de produção.
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